Abstract Background Signaling by the vitamin A-derived morphogen retinoic acid (RA) is required at multiple steps of cardiac development.Since conversion of retinaldehyde to RA by retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type II (ALDH1A2, a.k.a RALDH2) is critical for cardiac development, we screened patients with congenital heart disease (CHDs) for genetic var
Flexible or innovative behavior is advantageous, especially when animals are exposed to frequent and unpredictable environmental perturbations.Improved cognitive abilities can help animals to respond quickly and adequately to environmental dynamics, and therefore changing environments may select for higher cognitive abilities.Increased cognitive ab
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has shaken the entire human race with its unprecedented health and economic outcomes.Researchers and clinicians are trying to get an insight into various aspects of the COVID-19 disease and related aspects, and to some extent, they have succeeded too, but a lot more is yet to be discovered and disclo
Study DesignClinical adjacent segment pathology (CASP) is common after cervical disc surgery.A CANDLE TOOLS critical examination of 320 patients operated for cervical disc prolapse revealed that CASP can also occur in patients with congenital and degenerative fusion of cervical spine.This has not been studied in depth and there is a need for a prac